Innovation and enterprise blog

55 posts categorized "Trade marks"

28 January 2025

International LEGO Day: a history of LEGO and our favourite patents

As it’s International LEGO day, we thought we’d look at some of our favourite brick-based patents and designs from the British Library’s historical intellectual property collection. What better place to start than with the patent that started it all – Danish patent no. 92,683.

The LEGO interlocking system

Danish patent no. 92,683 was filed in Denmark on the 28th of January 1958, hence today being International LEGO day.
The LEGO Group was not the first company to sell plastic building bricks, but it was the first company to add tubes to the underside of a brick. This seemingly simple addition gave the studs on top a better purchase (or as the LEGO Group describes it, a higher ‘clutch power’), allowing for bigger and more complicated builds than previously possible. It is the interlocking of the studs and tubes that this patent protects, as can be seen in this image taken from the patent specification.

Lego 13

Before the LEGO brick - Kiddicraft


The LEGO Group moved from wooden toys to plastic ones in 1947. Reports of how it happened vary, but the LEGO Group got hold of some plastic bricks from a UK company called Kiddicraft. These bricks were not protected by any patents in Denmark, and so with very minor adjustments they were copied and released by the LEGO Group as 'Automatic Binding Bricks' in 1949 – giving the toy an English name in honour of the end of World War II.

The below images are from two Kiddicraft brick patent specifications from the 1940s (GB 587,206 and GB 633,055). The slits on the side of the latter brick were for doors and windows, and the same slits can be seen on the LEGO Group’s 'Automatic Binding Bricks'.

Legoo

In the late 1950s, the LEGO Group is said to have contacted Kiddicraft to ask whether they objected to the LEGO brick – they report that they did not. In 1981, the LEGO Group purchased the rights to the Kiddicraft bricks and trade marks (perhaps to shore up their history ahead of a copyright lawsuit they would soon instigate against a rival toy company).


LEGO roofs / slopes

Those of us who played with LEGO bricks as children (and possibly still do as adults) will have likely built a house at some point. The sloping roof bricks were patented by the LEGO Group in 1959 and is a very early example of a specialised LEGO brick. Today sloping bricks are a common LEGO component, used to represent a myriad of things, from a car bonnet to a control panel on the Millennium Falcon.


The illustrations from the US version of the patent specification (US 3,034,254) show their initial roof focused application well.

2zz

Duplo

In 1969 LEGO released the toddler focused Duplo bricks, which are twice the size of their LEGO equivalent, making them easier to handle and less likely to be swallowed. The 2:1 scale, alongside the inclusion of hollow studs on top of the bricks, means Duplo and LEGO bricks are (mostly) compatible – as the patent specification (DK 120,627) illustration from 1971 shows.

Lego 14

The LEGO minifigure


Surprisingly, given the fact that early LEGO sets were mostly houses and vehicles, no LEGO figures were available until the mid-1970s.


The LEGO Group’s first attempt was the LEGO building figures, released in 1974. A whole family (mother, father, boy, girl and grandmother) were available, and their torsos, arms, and legs were built from LEGO bricks. Their heads were a large round custom piece, complete with hair and printed facial features.


In 1975 came a figure more in scale with the sets being produced (being 4 bricks high). Looking very close to the now iconic LEGO minifigure, albeit without movable arms and legs, and no printing on the face. We particularly love the inclusion of the hats in the original registered design (MR 1975 00216).

Lxx

Fast forward only a few years to 1978, and LEGO would release the now iconic minifigure proper in set 600, featuring a policeman and a patrol car. The new movable arms and legs provided far more play options and was an immediate hit. The design of the minifigure was registered throughout the world, but we’ve chosen the US design patent due to the rather nice use of shading (US DES. 253,711).

Lego x



The way the legs and feet of the minifigure connected with other LEGO bricks was also patented (US 4,205,482).

Lego ss

LEGO horse


Next up is one of our favourite Lego bricks: the horse. Introduced in 1984, it was the first animal figure the LEGO Group created, and it remained unchanged until 2012 (when the Lord of the Rings sets added posable legs).


The illustrations from the US design patent (US DES. 281,519) are very nostalgic.

Untitled design (1)x

Bonus – original DUPLO figure


Ending on the wonderfully designed original DUPLO figure that was released in 1977. It would be replaced by a now more familiar DUPLO figure in 1983, but the simple finger puppet style original is our favourite. Particularly this moustachioed gentleman (US DES. 248,173).

Lego 11q

09 January 2025

2024 at the BIPC: a year of business growth

As we step into an exciting new year at the Business & IP Centre, we’re excited to continue supporting entrepreneurs from all backgrounds in starting, protecting and growing their businesses nationwide. But before we dive in, let’s take a moment to take a look back on our highlights of 2024.

A year of inspiring events

0M8A0301_websize

We were thrilled to hold four Inspiring Entrepreneurs events throughout the year, with over 450 attendees joining us in person for panel discussions on topics including the influence of Black voices in the British music scene, the significant contributions of women in the health and fitness industries, the rise of influencers transforming their online presence into income and a fireside chat with TV Dragon Sara Davies MBE. We are excited for another year of events and to welcome even more people through our doors, you can keep an eye on our schedule here.

The London Network expands

455074035_1029024162562722_4307327200468043098_nf

In the summer we launched a new BIPC in Enfield's Edmonton Green Library, with guests including our Chief Librarian Liz Jolly plus new BIPC Enfield business ambassador and founder of Own The Beach, Lisa Johnson. This is part of our BIPC local offering that brings our business support services to the heart of six London boroughs, also including Bromley, Greenwich, Lewisham, Waltham Forest and Wandsworth.

It was another year of achievements for these BIPC Locals. To name just a few, a huge congratulations to Bromley, Greenwich and Wandsworth on their annual GLL Start-up Business Week which involved a series of panel talks with the likes of Harry Redknapp, to Lewisham on their second anniversary and involvement at The Mayor of Lewisham Business Awards, and to Waltham Forest for their annual Winter Market that showcased products from small businesses to the local community.

Activity across the National Network

0M8A0524_websize

2024 was a very busy year across our National Network of BIPCs. Regional centres across the country offered packed schedules of support programmes, expert advice, photography and videography opportunities, workshops, masterclasses, and so much more. There were many successes across for each and every one of our National Network centres, but to just name a few we want to congratulate BIPC Sussex on proudly launching their new BIPC Local in Worthing, BIPC Glasgow on the appointment of the Network's first expert in residence on menopause, Dana Drzikova, and BIPC Oxfordshire on hosting the UK's largest Start-up Huddle monthly event, which regularly attracts over 100 attendees.

A special mention must go to BIPC Liverpool, which was forced to relocate out of the Spellow Library following the riots in August. However, they were able to continue services by taking to the high street and offering direct in-person support to businesses. Fortunately, they have now been able to resume services in the renovated Spellow Library, even more integrated into the local business community than before. 

Our free BIPC services could be available on your doorstep. Find your nearest centre here.

Celebrating women entrepreneurs

6a00d8341c464853ef02dad0cf11c7200d

We proudly hosted an awards ceremony during National Women’s Enterprise Week (NWEW) to celebrate the inspiring finalists of the Women’s Launch Lab incubator programme. Founded by BIPC Ambassador Alison Cork MBE, NWEW supports women entrepreneurs through addressing challenges and promoting equity.

Our start-up support continues

352130612_209410781985255_5795033883794635274_nx

Over the year, we hosted more than 70 Kickstart Your Business workshops in both the British Library and our BIPC Locals across London. Supported by JPMorgan Chase & Co, we look forward to continuing to provide grass roots business support and expert start-up advice to aspiring entrepreneurs through libraries throughout the capital.

"The workshops were extremely inspiring and they've helped me focus on the next steps towards my business idea becoming a reality" - Kickstart Your Business programme participant

You can register for the free workshops now.

Championing business growth

2024_07_29_BIPCPortraits_0475

Credit: Luca Sage

Our Get Ready for Business Growth scale-up programme, funded by Arts Council England, wrapped up in September, having supported an incredible 203 creative businesses across the last two years of delivery. The programme offers a free, three-month long online course of tailored consultancy to scale-ups and will be relaunching this Spring for businesses in all sectors, so contact [email protected] if you’d like to find out more!

"I feel as if I have been picked up, shaken out and stood on my feet again ready to face [the year ahead] knowing where I'm headed and how to get there." – Sarah McCartney, Founder of 4160Tuesdays, Get Ready for Business Growth alumni 

Start-up Day returns in person

0M8A0960_websize (2)

Credit: Abi Oshodi

We ended the year on a high when we welcomed hundreds of aspiring and current entrepreneurs to the British Library to celebrate Start-up Day 2024, in celebration of Global Entrepreneurship Week. With a packed schedule of talks from industry leaders such as Charlie Bigham and Martha Keith, speed mentoring from experts, and plenty of networking, attendees left inspired and energised to take the next step on their business journey. We even had a special recorded address from Sir Chris Bryant MP, Minister of State for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, which celebrated the power of libraries as hubs for fostering entrepreneurial spirit and success.

ASAD BIPC StartUp Dayl

Credit: A Smile A Day Photography

Start-up Day wasn't just celebrated in London, but across our BIPC national network. From Newcastle to Worthing, 17 of our regional centres put on livestreams, in-person events, panels, mentoring, photography and so much more. It was brilliant to see our BIPC community coming together and a real testament to the breadth and depth of BIPC services across the country.

A huge thank you to everyone who helped make 2024 such an inspiring and eventful year. Here's to 2025!

07 November 2024

Why should you attend Start-up Day 2024?

With less than two weeks to go until Start-up Day, the chance to boost your business for free, we reached out to some of our delivery partners who you can expect to meet on the day to find out more about what you can expect, as well as get some business insights and advice.

Whether you're just starting up, looking to grow or simply have a brilliant business idea, Start-up Day is for everyone. Find out more and book here.

Become informed, inspired and empowered

Rash smile heart promo 2023

"Starting your own business – and succeeding in it - can be both daunting and lonely, but also really rewarding. Start-up Day is the ideal opportunity to become informed, inspired and empowered. You can enjoy a day of talks and advice from entrepreneurs and business specialists, plus it’s a great way to meet and network with like-minded, budding business owners like yourself.

I will be co-hosting the event, which means I’ll get to welcome everyone, introduce our amazing speakers and get to meet and talk with many of the wonderful attendees between sessions throughout the day.

My advice to someone starting out is to pick a business that is related to your passions, talent and heart. This will ensure that you really have that energy and drive that you will need to succeed. It is also vital that you research, attend events, get informed and test the water of your ideas.

The Business & IP Centre is the ideal way to do that with all sorts of resources, information, one-to-ones, webinars and events to help you. Finally, take care of yourself and your health and foster a healthy mindset – see it as an ongoing learning journey, not a short sprint."

- Rasheed Ogunlaru, Coach, Speaker and Author

Fresh ideas and unique approaches

449781913_996946642437141_5777903661142062647_n

"Start-up Day is an invaluable opportunity to gain insights from a diverse group of industry experts in an engaging and inspirational setting. I strongly encourage you to attend sessions led by professionals from sectors outside your own, as their perspectives can provide fresh ideas and unique approaches to your business or concept.

As a business advice partner of the BIPC, I’ll be participating in the speed-mentoring sessions, where you’ll have the chance to connect with a variety of experts and receive tailored guidance and inspiration specific to your goals. This fast-paced format is designed to be dynamic, enjoyable, and highly creative.

So what are you waiting for?"

- Peter Schonbeck, Founder of Productschön Consulting

Turn your potential into performance

IMG_9028

"Start-up Day is a fantastic opportunity for business owners to gain valuable insights, network with like-minded individuals and access resources that can significantly boost their business growth.

I'm excited to offer a dynamic speed mentoring session on Start-up Day, where I'll delve into the intricacies of marketing, sales, and business growth. With a focus on practical, real-world strategies, attendees will leave with personalised insights and actionable plans designed to propel their businesses to new heights. It's all about turning potential into performance!

If you're looking to start-up, my advice is that consistency is key. Develop a clear marketing strategy and stick to it, while remaining adaptable to changes in the market."

-  Rebecca Thomson, Director of Local Marketing Made Easy   

A raft of free business support

Alison Lewy_107 edited headshot small2

"Start-up Day is an amazing opportunity to access a raft of free business support and guidance from industry experts, including inspirational talks and speed mentoring, all in one place

I will be taking part in the two speed mentoring sessions where entrepreneurs will get the chance to seek advice from myself and a team of mentors. We’ll be covering areas such as intellectual property, business strategy, routes to market, marketing and finance.

My advice to someone starting up would be to develop a business plan that is underpinned by market research. Your research should help you to understand the market segment you plan to operate in, identify any problems/pain points that you can provide solutions to, identify your target customers and key competitors. The BIPC is a great start with access to sector specific market research databases, free of charge."

- Alison Lewy MBE, Founder of Fashion Angel  

Entrepreneurial inspiration

Vasken-jermakian-headshots-048 (1)

"Start-up Day is an event of entrepreneurial inspiration and practical advice. On the day I'll be hosting a session focused on food and hospitality businesses. Whether you're thinking about selling homemade cupcakes or opening a full-scale coffee shop or restaurant, I'll answer your specific questions.

One key piece of advice I always emphasise is to start small and test your ideas in the market before launching on a larger scale. This approach allows you to refine your concept and minimize risks."

- Vasken Jermakian, Foodication Restaurants Ltd

It's fast, fun and very creative

Capture

"Start-up Day is the perfect chance to hear from multiple experts in a fun and inspirational way. Definitely make sure to check out experts from industries that are not your own, as they might give you a new way of looking at your business or business idea!

I will be part of the speed-mentoring sessions, where you get to meet all kinds of experts and get inspired by their advice and ideas related to your business. It's fast, fun and very creative.

My advice to someone just starting out is to set aside time every week to think strategically, maybe an hour or so, then every month a whole day. So many people get caught up in the doing-doing-doing without giving themselves time to think about the big picture or learn more so they can do even better. Start-up Day is a great opportunity to think and learn for a day."

- Melissa Addey, Author and Writer

Network as much as possible

Michael-Murdoch-Profile

"At Start-up Day you'll meet new people, share ideas and learn something too. No matter what stage of business you're at, networking and getting out and about are key!

I will be on hand to help guide entrepreneurs and share some of my 20 years of business experience.

My early stage business advice is firstly to network as much as possible with potential partners, funders, suppliers and of course customers. Secondly, test your idea before officially going to market as it can save a lot of time and money in the long run."

- Michael Murdoch, Founder of The House

465536092_1096644079134063_8592819178390940882_n

Start-up Day takes place at the British Library on Tuesday 19 November. You can discover secrets to success from renowned industry leaders like Charlie Bigham, network with like-minded entrepreneurs and get a professional headshot to enhance your brand. Plus, you can explore our dedicated BIPC area in the British Library and connect with industry experts at our speed mentoring sessions. Book now.

1729868626534

You can also join us later for an inspiring evening with TV Dragon and business mogul, Sara Davies MBE. You'll hear about her journey to success and get the chance to ask her your burning questions. Book your tickets here.

31 October 2024

Happy Halloween:19th century patents to avoid being buried alive!

Today is Halloween, the spookiest day of the year, when our thoughts tend to turn to the dead and other horrors. It’s the perfect time of year, then, to discuss a fear all of us surely have: taphophobia – the fear of being buried alive. 

Putting aside the very remote possibility of falling afoul of a drugs cartel (your line of work depending), someone could be buried alive accidently if they are mistakenly presumed dead. This is not as farfetched as you may think, and a quick google search will return some very worrying news stories on the subject. 

Being accidently buried alive was probably far more likely before the advent of much of the medical technology doctors employ today, which may explain the abundance of 19th century patents on the subject in our collection. Below are a few of our favourites. 

US 81,437 of 1868 – Improved burial-case 

US81437

This patent is for a coffin with a detachable vertical tube, which, while attached, creates a means of escape for any poor occupant not quite ready for the grave. Air inlets allow anyone alive inside the coffin to breathe freely and a sliding glass lid allows those above ground to check for movement. 

If the occupant is too weak to ascend the ladder, they can ring a bell for attention using the cord placed in their hand during burial.  

If, after a certain length of time, it is clear the occupant of the coffin is indeed dead, then the tube can be removed (closing the spring-loaded lid of the coffin) and used in another burial. 

 

US of 329,495 of 1885 – Burial-casket  

US329495

This invention consists of two removable pieces of apparatus (an air pump and an alarm system), which are connected to a coffin buried under ground. Both are activated when a wire attached to the occupant’s hand detects movement, flooding the coffin with air and alerting those above ground to come rescue this poor soul pronto. 

The tube of the alarm apparatus also doubles as a way to view the face of the body within the coffin, by means of a lightbulb and a reflector. 

Again, when death is more certain, the above ground apparatus can be removed and used in another burial.

 

US 500,013 of 1893 – Coffin signal 

US500013                               

This invention is intended to alert those above ground that someone is still alive inside a coffin, but it feels a little too easy to miss. But we’re skipping ahead. Mechanisms are placed on the body, hands, and head of the coffin's occupant, and are designed to detect the slightest movement. If movement is detected, a spring-loaded device will raise a signal above the coffin. Looking at the patent illustration, this appears to be a mop. Luckily, this also opens a passageway for air to enter the coffin, as it could be some time before someone happens to walk by. 

 

GB 4,626 of 1896 – Preserving dead bodies from decaying  

GB189604626

No picture for this one (and preventing premature burial is only a side benefit), but it is one of our favourite British patent specifications, that just so happens to be perfect for Halloween, with lines such as: 

 'In fact it will lessen the horror of dying in knowing that when we die our bodies will be preserved and not be a meal for worms, insects, rats, mice and the like. Spirit will also revive the seeming dead.' 

 Anyway, one for the pickling fans out there. 


US 658,247 of 1900 – Apparatus for preventing premature burial 

US658247

This invention is unlike the others, as it’s designed to be used pre-burial. 

It’s quite an ambitious patent really, as it describes an ‘observation chamber’ with tracks on the floor (for ease of movement of the coffins) and side rooms for a furnace and an air pump. 

In the centre of the main room sit several airtight ‘observation receptacles’ (complete with glass tops), into which the coffins are wheeled (also complete with glass tops). An air and exhaust pipe ensure a steady flow of fresh air to the potentially still alive occupant. The exhaust pipe leads to the furnace, meaning any ‘obnoxious or infectious gases’ are drawn off and burnt. 

As in other patents, an alarm system is placed inside the coffin to detect any movement. Then it’s a case of waiting. Either for the occupant waking up, or for a clearer confirmation of death. In which case the body can be buried safely. 

 

Bonus patent: US 208,672 of 1878 – Improvement in coffin-torpedoes 

US208672

This invention is slightly off topic, but it’s being included as a bonus as it is on the theme of burial and, quite frankly, sounds bonkers. The torpedo (stay with me) is placed inside a coffin prior to burial and is designed to go off if anyone attempts to remove the body – severely injuring or killing the grave robber. Good luck with that one future archaeologists! 

It would probably also be useful for those worried about zombie resurrections as well. 

Happy Halloween! Hopefully no one reading this will wake up wishing you had one of these someday. 

 

 If you want to find out more about how the different kinds of IP can benefit your business, you can sign up to our online webinars or attend our Kickstart Your Business workshops. 

Written by Steven Campion, Subject Librarian at the British Library

24 October 2024

From Coca-Cola to KFC: uncovering a spooky intellectual property secret

Secret spells and hidden brews, tricks of the trade make treats anew. Who would have thought IP (intellectual property) could be so magical?

One type of IP is more unknown and mysterious than all the others. Its hiddenness makes it special and used in the right way can be just as powerful. It’s called a trade secret and is a type of IP protection that can be pure business alchemy.
 
What is a trade secret?
 
In a nutshell, a trade secret is confidential business information that has value. Or, to put it another way, anything secret you’ve created that you wouldn’t want to lose to a competitor! It could be something like a hidden process, recipe or even an algorithm that powers the performance of a programme. This is also known as proprietary information.

Trade secrets are different from patents in many ways, although both need to be kept confidential (for patents until the patent application is eventually filed).
 
Nearly every businesses will have some kind of commercially sensitive information, so being aware of that and understanding its value can be an important first step to protecting it. A trade secret is the thing that could really provide you with a competitive edge.

In the UK, trade secrets come under two types of law; the common law of confidentiality and information that by definition falls under the Trade Secrets (Enforcement, etc.) Regulations 2018.

Common law confidentiality arises when ‘information with the necessary quality of confidence is imparted in a situation imposing an obligation of confidence’.

You can see them both as mutually complementary with some overlap. Both aspects carry a strength, just like a two-headed hydra. Think of a witch’s brew, filled with spooky secrets and bubbling with powerful potential.
 
What are some famous trade secrets?
 
James-yarema-wQFmDhrvVSs-unsplash

There are so many trade secrets concealed around the world, but some are more famous than others.

Does anyone really know the secret formula for Coca-Cola? Apparently not (although it hasn’t stopped other brands from trying to work it out). In the company’s own words, ‘the formula for making Coca-Cola is a trade secret. We have protected the special taste of Coca-Cola for more than 130 years. Only the Coca-Cola Company knows how to make Coca-Cola’.

The mystique behind the Coca-Cola formula is so famous, that the company has it locked away inside a vault on display in the Coca-Cola museum, Atlanta, USA.
 
Spencer-scott-pugh-4Srz1MMieRk-unsplash
 
Trade secrets are actually quite common in the food and drinks industry. Think of all those secret recipes handed down over generations. There is hidden knowledge to making the perfect chocolate brownie, malt whiskey or even a colonel’s secret fried chicken recipe made from 11 herbs and spices. KFC’s original secret recipe is what they claim makes their chicken so ‘finger lickin' good’. For both of these brands, it is magical marketing in its messaging too.

However, what if your trade secret isn’t cooking, but computing? Yes, there are plenty of secrets in technology too, especially software. Search engines such as Google (parent company Alphabet) have built an entire business model on algorithms that effectively rank information for ease of finding.

The algorithm has been developed and refined over many years of testing and trading. Recent news of a leak of an AI related trade secret have sent the company into a tailspin resulting in a criminal case been filed. Part of a secret was out.

Any leak of a highly guarded secret can bring major consequences for any company and so protecting these secrets becomes paramount. Once the witch’s secret cat is out of the bag, it’s out. Therefore, businesses will do everything to protect their secrets with the legal equivalent of an ancient curse.

Woe will to any soul who breaks the secret seal on any trade secret! The curse will come through prosecution.

How to protect your trade secret

Which raises a pressing question, how does a company or individual protect themselves from having their secrets stolen?

The answer will depend on the circumstances, and professional legal help is always advisable. Generally the secret is best protected in-house by firstly limiting exposure to a set number of individual(s) on a need to know basis only. Therefore, every company should have a confidentiality process in place backed up in employment contracts.
 
Physical and electronic security is an absolute must, depending on how the secret is kept.

Furthermore, before any sharing of a secret to a third party it is highly advisable to protect it with a non-disclosure agreement.

Trade secrets are unregistered intellectual property rights. This simply means there is no register of them or requirement for application. This is unlike patents, designs and trade marks. Controlling access to the secret is through contracts based on the law of confidentiality and specific regulations covering trade secrets.

This in some circumstances can be an advantage over patents. A patent, although initially secret will eventually be published before it can be granted to the inventor. The quid pro quo is then a monopoly on the technology or technique for twenty years. If you want to look at alternative ways to protect your process, then exploring trade secrets as a viable alternative could be the way to go.

If you’d like to find out more about the magic combination of all the different types of IP, then our Introduction to Intellectual Property workshops and webinars will do the trick.

Spook your competition and keep your trade secrets close

Your trade secret is truly a magical thing that spooks your competition. It has all the mystique you need to creates an aura of mystery in your business and spellbind your customers. They will want to keep coming back for more, hooked on the power of your hidden magic.

So this Halloween, do not be scared to find and use your business’s secret spell. The treat is always in a secret trick.
 

16 October 2024

How to set up a food business: hear from the experts this World Food Day

To celebrate World Food Day we’re spotlighting some inspirational food businesses who have been supported by BIPCs around the UK. Do you need a nudge to start your business? Or have you started but feel like you need support? You are not alone. Here are some wise words of advice from people who have been there and done it before.
 
Test your ideas and refine them before going all in
 
Suki Pantal_Suki's Curries and Spices_Portrait_original_RGB_2
 
"The advice I'd give to someone who wants to set up a food business would be to go for it! But remember, passion is key. You have to love what you’re doing, especially in the food industry, because it’s a lot of hard work. Get clear on your niche – whether it's a specific cuisine, style of cooking, or type of service (like catering, classes, or a product line).
 
Although passion is crucial, it needs to be paired with a solid business mindset. Start by understanding your market and see if there’s demand for what you’re offering. Be realistic about costs and pricing; passion alone won’t pay the bills! Also, start small – test your ideas and refine them before going all in. Don’t hesitate to ask for help, whether it’s from mentors, fellow entrepreneurs or organizations like the BIPC. Building a strong network can help you avoid common pitfalls and grow smarter. 
 
When I started my business journey I wish I had known how unpredictable things can be. I thought I had it all mapped out, but sometimes plans change and you just have to roll with it. It’s ok to pivot and adapt to what your customers want rather than sticking too rigidly to your original vision. I also underestimated how much time would spend on the ‘other’ side of the business – admin, marketing, social media etc... I wish had been kinder to myself in the beginning. Mistakes happen, and they’re all part of the learning process! 
 
The BIPC has been a game-changer for me.
 
Starting a business can feel overwhelming, especially when you don’t know where to begin. The BIPC offers tons of free resources, advice and workshops that are perfect for anyone starting out. They also helped me understand the legal side of things, like protecting my brand and intellectual property, which is super important. Plus, it’s a great place to connect with other entrepreneurs – you don’t feel like you’re going it alone. Honestly, if you’re starting a business, tapping into the BIPC is a no-brainer!"
 
- Suki Pantal, Founder of Suki's Curries and Spices
 
Advertisement is key
 
Laura Curling_Higham Refill_InSitu_Portrait_3
 
"My advice would be to speak to the environmental health team before your inspection. If you contact them directly and say you are a new business and would like to know all the ins and outs of what makes a good food business, they will certainly help you. I was lucky to have one of the inspectors come to our business when we were setting up and he told me exactly what I needed to do, along with the best and most affordable options. He helped us plan the best place for our sink and what we needed to watch out for.
 
Advertisement is key. If that be having a theme, all the way down to window design. We found that two years on many people didn’t know where we are but knew where the new shops are in town. So, we have invested more into our shop window, so people know exactly what we do and where we are.
 
At the start of my business journey I wish I'd have known that I didn’t need to buy everything new. I wish I had saved thousands buying more second-hand items for my shelving and units as I am stilling paying these off two years later. This would have also been so much better for the environment.
 
The BIPC has been amazing for me. They helped me set up my business and pointed me in the right direction to get it to grow. I wouldn’t be here today with my shop if it wasn’t for the BIPC."
 
- Laura Curling, Founder of Higham Refill
 
Research your product
 
341769024_617199760432584_1515007029820217960_nc
 
"When setting up a food business you have to first of all research your product. Go to your local BIPC and use the resources there to look at food trends and what consumers are looking for. Look at your competitors and what their USP is. Does your product match trends?  If so, what also makes it different and stand out from your competitors? What is your USP? What is your brand about?
 
Contact and register with your local Environmental Health and Trading Standards and work out what it is you need to do in terms of food safety and labelling before you sell anything.
 
Next, work out the aims for your business and where you want to sell it. If retail is your goal make sure you are clear about what percentage the retailer needs from products, then go back and work out your prices. Take some time to test your product out at markets and events and see how sales and feedback goes. Then you can make tweaks accordingly.
 
Get good at social media, it can make a real difference to your sales. People like to get to know who is behind the brand. It is something that I constantly need to improve on!
 
At the start of my business journey I wish I knew the time it can take to get a product to market. Creating a product isn’t the hard part, it is the processes you go through to get that product to market that takes the time, so always allow much longer than you think! Also I wish I had had better business knowledge at the start of my journey in accounting, profit/loss, forecasting etc. I would recommend visiting your local BIPC and getting on as many courses that deal with the business side of things as soon as you can.
 
The support you can receive from the BIPC is amazing. From the free resources at the library, to free events, free consultations with experts and the opportunity to get funding, it really is a fantastic place for start-ups and established businesses. I have been so grateful for the support and people I have met through BIPC who are continuing to help me on my business journey."
 
- Vicky Armitage, Founder of Meraki Cacao
 
Have confidence in your ability and just do it
 
Stall  me with new signs
 
"My advice to anyone looking to start a food business would be to ensure you really are passionate about food, then the setting up a of food business where you can bring all the aspects of your food enjoyment together could be the icing on the cake!
 
There are also many non-food related issues to consider when setting up a food business, for example legislative requirements, food hygiene and business insurances. Are you working on your own or shall you employ staff? If so, how many full time or part time and subsequent training needs. Where are your suppliers based? What is your customer base? Spend some time on market research, know the market you are entering - competitors, price and location. 
 
Talk to people, lots of people and not necessarily within the food industry. You don’t have to do it all on your own, there are lots of organisations who can help. Stay positive. Make mistakes and learn from them.
 
Time management is key. Organise yourself to carry out all the business tasks or delegate where you can. It is very easy to let your business run your life and it can become all encompassing. Plan time away from your business, time for friends, family and time for you to recharge your batteries. This is easy to say, but not always easy to put into practice.
 
What is great for anyone setting up their own business that that the BIPC service is completely free. It is accessible online and in person. I live in Glasgow, my local BIPC is located in the Mitchell Library, so it's very handy for me to visit and see the service in action. I found out the range of services of offer and enjoyed the use of their free workspace. The staff are friendly, approachable and nothing is too much trouble.
 
I borrowed some business text books and arranged a one to one session which helped explain more about my business and for me to obtain a set of information tailored to my needs. Packed full of business information, BIPC is an invaluable resource with access to a variety of networks that can assist you. A very helpful and knowledgeable service."
 
- Kirsteen Oliver, Founder of Granny Beaton’s
 
If you're thinking about starting up but aren't sure where to begin, sign up for our free Kickstart Your Business programme that offers tailored, accessible workshops and webinars to help you on your business journey. Topics covered include financing your business, researching your market and protecting your business's intellectual property. Find out more here and sign up today!

24 August 2023

BIPC Oxfordshire – helping young people to succeed in business

It’s been a whirlwind year for our Business & IP Centre (BIPC) Oxfordshire. Although it’s still relatively new, we’ve already supported over 1,500 people with their start-ups and ideas, and all of our hard work was recently recognised in the form of an award from Libraries Connected.

We’re delighted that our work helping young people in enterprising activities and supporting them into business has been recognised by Libraries Connected - a membership organisation representing the public library services in England, Wales and Northern Ireland - in the form of the Children's Promise Award. 

BIPC Oxfordshire receiving the Children's Promise Award from Libraries Connected
BIPC Oxfordshire receiving the Children's Promise Award from Libraries Connected

Of course, the BIPC doesn’t only support young people, but we’ve been particularly focused on younger generations here in Oxfordshire, partnering with local and national organisations to nurture their ambitions, and give them the skills to build their enterprise.

For the past two years we’ve been partnering with Oxfordshire Young Enterprise to host the end of year showcase. Last year alone, we had 75 students from 14 schools all over the county attend a special learning event where they pitched, exhibited and were interviewed on their projects.

We’ve additionally hosted individual school visits, including those for children special educational needs. This includes introductions to resources including our free market research databases including COBRA, which provides how-to guides on starting hundreds of different types of businesses.

For people making the first steps into business, we appreciate there can be barriers to accessing the knowledge that is mostly gained from experience. Having the tools to navigate the market is critical in so many sectors, and being able to offer access to some of these is something that makes us unique here in Oxfordshire. This is also why we’re also looking at cross-organisational approaches to link up with colleagues in Target Youth Support services to help young people who may not ordinarily have this access to get involved and gain skills they need, while also signing them up to benefit from a library membership more widely.

Beyond this, we’ve also been looking at how we can support companies or help people to create companies that support young people in education, wellbeing and other related activities.

Among the organisations to benefit from our services is GetFED. GetFED provide barista and business training for young people at risk of exclusion and exploitation. Through bespoke training sessions, the organisation supports young entrepreneurs with the basics of running a small business, developing barista skills and even project managing their own events.

Tim, founder of GetFED
Tim, founder of GetFED

The Drone Rules is another organisation that has been working closely with the BIPC. This unique organisation provides education for individuals and educational providers on all things drone-related – a technology that will be no doubt of interest to a lot of people.

William, founder of The Drone Rules
William, founder of The Drone Rules

BIPC Oxfordshire is certainly opening the doors for many young people and we hope we can continue to tap into the undiscovered skills of many more.

If you want to find out more about the work of BIPC Oxfordshire visit their website or head to the Centre, you can find them on the second floor of the Oxfordshire County Library in Oxford, with Locals in Bicester and Blackbird Leys Libraries.

Ryan Johnson – BIPC Engagement and Marketing Manager at Oxfordshire County Council

22 August 2023

An innovative history of the historic patent collection at the British Library

Sir Isaac Newton, once said, “If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” A few generations after, the Newtonian revolution in physics along with other discoveries of the time heralded in a new age of innovation, engineering and industry. Patents are the primary records of that step process in innovation. They’re a fascinating and invaluable ‘time capsule’ of brilliance (and occasional eccentricity).

Today, the British Library’s historical patent collection has become a world leading collection of historical IP documentation; not only from the UK, but from over 150 countries worldwide. No other collection at the Library captures better the progress of technology and commerce from the early 17th century to the present day.

And now, the British Library’s Business & IP Centre also sits on the shoulders of this gigantic treasure trove of patent, design and trademark information. In fact, it’s almost 170 years since it was first made available to the general public as the Library of the newly formed Patent Office. It really is a library within a library. The history and development of the collection offers us an intriguing insight into how much this information was prioritised managed valued, for researchers then as it is now. One report, by the US Commissioner of Patents in the 1860s described it as a ‘technological library unequalled by anything in America’.

I believe it still is.

The Alexander Newton statue outside of the British Library

Why a patent library?

From a practical point of view, a patent library is an essential part of being able to find (and provide evidence) that a new patent application is indeed an innovative step on what’s preceded it. One can view the history of these patents almost like a family tree of technical steps and developments, each building on the other.

Hot off the heels of the Patent Law Amendment Act of 1852, establishing what we know as the Patent Office (the Intellectual Property Office today), came the Patent Office Library. It opened on the 5th March, 1855. Its formal title was ‘The Library of the Great Seal Patent Office’. To be clear, there were patents and records of them before 1852, managed by Court of Chancery, but the nucleus of the library were 388 books from Bennet Woodcroft, the Superintendent of Specifications and Indexes, and 707 books from Richard Prosser, an engineer closely associated with the Act.

The site was on 25 Southampton Buildings, off Chancery Lane. A site it would occupy in various forms and alterations until the 1990s. In 1891, due in part to an increase in the number of visitors to the Library, plans were drawn up to rebuild the entire site. This was undertaken in stages between 1893 and 1912, with the Library moving to temporary accommodation in 1898. A full library service was maintained during this time. The new Patent Office Library was designed in the cathedral style of library architecture by Sir John Taylor.

Patent office

War and Post-war

The Library continued to offer reading room services during the First World War, albeit with reduced hours and staffing levels. Visitor numbers predictably fell. And with the later onset of the Second World War, the library experienced a few near misses from incendiary bombs and a V1 flying bomb in 1944.

All during the war years, the need for a comprehensive scientific and technological network in the UK was apparent. And post-war, while widespread support was seen for a national library of science and technology, there was considerable debate on whether the British Museum or the Patent Office collections would form the basis of the new library. The debate was settled in 1959, when a Working Party on the issue recommended the new library should be based on both collections, and put under the control of the British Museum Trustees. And this, in hindsight, was what took it a step closer to the custodianship we have today.

In April 1966, the Patent Office Library formally transferred from the control of the Board of trade to the British Museum and became the National Reference Library of Science and Invention, (NRLSI Holborn division). In the late 1960s it was decided that there was a need to create better links between the UK’s major lending and reference libraries. To that end, the National Libraries Committee was formed in 1967, which recommend the creation of a national library system in 1969.

The British Library is founded

And so, the British Library was created on the 1st July 1973 as a result of the British Library Act which was enacted in 1972. Under the Act the following institutions were administratively combined to form the British Library: the library departments of the British Museum (including the NRLSI), the National Central Library, and the National Lending Library for Science and Technology.

The NRLSI was renamed the Science Reference Library upon joining the British Library and then in 1985 it was restructured to become the reference arm of the Science Technology and Industry Division (being renamed the Science Reference and Information Service (SRIS) in the process).

The British Library under construction

1998

The next most significant turning point was the opening of the St Pancras site of the British Library and the rehousing of the patent collection. The collection had its own floor (level 2 where the Newsroom currently is). But it wasn’t until 2006 that the Business & IP Centre as we know it today was formally opened. It was a unique opportunity to merge two distinct, but related collections; business & intellectual property under one umbrella. And so came a physical alteration to the space that included meeting rooms and the well-used networking area space.

All this was with an aim to offer a comprehensive range of resources, workshops events and services to support small businesses from the first spark of inspiration to forming and growing their business. Inspired by how the New York Public utilised its Science, Industry and Business collection it was a model that resembles how the Centre operates today at the British Library and now across a national network of over 20 Business & IP Centres.

But today, there is a very special merger that’s not only about business and intellectual property. It’s connecting the past with the present. Our current intellectual property advice and expertise would likely not exist were it not for the historic patent collection. So as we look ahead to what a tumultuous 21st century could bring, it’s somehow reassuring that the firm anchor of the past will continue to guide the innovators, problem solvers and entrepreneurs of the future.

Woman in the BIPC reading room at the reference desk, being helped by a member of staff

 

Co-written by Jeremy O’Hare Research and Business Development Manager at the BIPC and Steven Campion, Subject Librarian at the British Library

17 August 2023

A few of our favourite things about the British Library

Did you know that the British Library is home to over 200 million collection items? Occupying over 746km of total shelving, growing an extra 8km every year, our St Pancras site houses inventions that date back thousands of years, as well as new technology from our digital age.

To continue our celebrations for the British Library's 50th anniversary, we asked our BIPC team what their favourite facts about the Library are, as well as their favourite inventions.

Here's what they came up with:

Meron

  • ‘My favourite fact about the British Library is that it’s an unusual and uniquely built building that resembles a ship. Prior to becoming an architect, Colin St John Wilson was a naval lieutenant... This now makes sense!’ - Meron, Reference Specialist 

Bill-nino-gteH4r8SSqM-unsplash

  • 'My favourite invention is the Starship delivery robots in Milton Keynes. I love the innovative solution for local deliveries. They are completely autonomous and the robots can sense when they need to move out of the way. Since they can deliver a small grocery shop, it’s a great solution particularly for people less able to leave their homes. Also, they’re surprisingly cute!' - Claire, Head of Reference Services 

Jeremy

  • 'I find it amazing that as you walk through the British Library there are four levels of football pitch sized floors of information beneath your feet; the lowest basement sitting beneath the Piccadilly line. I find the historical patent collection just an endless treasure trove of incredible inventions that have changed what is even possible. My favourites are the aviation patents. The Wright Brother’s and Frank Whittle’s aviation patents. Like so many of us, I took one of these ‘flying machines’ to go on holiday somewhere warm and didn’t even consider the marvel of it.' - Jeremy, Research & Business Development Manager

Isabel Oswell5

  • 'I have thick and often unruly hair and couldn’t live without my trusty Tangle Teezer™.  Shaun Pulfrey, inventor and founder of the eponymous company, came to the Business & IP Centre when it had recently opened to see if he could protect his innovative design and now, over 15 years later, he has patented the brush in over 30 countries. Each brush design is also protected by design rights and the name Tangle Teezer™ is also protected as a trade mark.  Shaun also took part in our scale-up programme, now called Get Ready for Business Growth in 2014-15 and in 2021 he hit revenues of £43.5 million and sold a majority stake to Mayfair Equity Partners for around £70 million.  This is an incredible achievement by Shaun and his team and we like to think that we made a positive contribution to their successful business journey.' - Isabel, Head of Business Audiences

V2 10834 BIPC National Network Presentation map_2022_3

  • 'Apart from the amazing free business support the BIPC National Network provides, the most impressive aspect is its geographical spread. It would take just over six days and 458 grueling miles to walk from the most southern point of the BIPC National Network (BIPC Devon Local in Paignton) to its most northern point (BIPC Glasgow in the Mitchell Library).' - Billy, Project Administrator

1

  • 'My favourite invention is the printing press. The democratisation of text ushered in the second information age in Europe by allowing for the mechanical mass production of books and broadsheets. With greater demand for written materials, the invention also fostered translations of popular texts that could be disseminated to the public rather than remaining within the church or royal courts. The British Library’s Treasures exhibit displays one of Gutenberg’s bibles, the first book printed with moveable type in Western Europe, as well as a copy of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales printed by William Caxton, the first book printer in England.'  - Amy, Growth Programme Service Liaison Manager

Simon

  • 'My favourite invention would have to be either the Printing Press, or the Electric Guitar!' - Simon, MI and Project Coordinator

Jordan

  • ‘If you see five items each day, it would take you over 80,000 years to see the whole of the Library's collection.’ - Jordan, BIPC Workshop and Events Administrator 

Exterior_7

  • ‘Our science blog recently posted some interesting facts about the hidden 'wild' features of the British Library: "the British Library hosts a permanent show of animal fossils, hiding in plain sight. As you cross the Piazza on a visit to the Library you tread on limestone, formed in the early Cretaceous period (145 and 100 million years ago - Ma) in a warm, shallow sea, teeming with life. You can also find fossilised sea sponge outside the Conference Centre, as well as calcareous algal pellets and various fossil shells on the floors inside the British Library".' - Alyssa, Project Coordinator 

FNk7e1AWQAEvaLN

  • ‘The British Library collects words, written and spoken. Its sound archives collect oral history to bring back stories and accounts, like for the BBC programme Aids: The Unheard Tapes. I felt proud of the British Library’s contribution to the programme, which brought personal stories back to life, turning the programme into compelling viewing.’ - Elisabetta, Project Administrator

 

25 January 2023

Going into IP battle with Banksy

The anonymous street artist, Banksy is no stranger to intellectual property (IP) controversy.

A recent spat with high street clothing retailer Guess over the use of a Banksy work, Flower Thrower, in their shop window has erupted into another round of IP battles between Banksy and others who use his/her work. The allegation is that the image was used without permission.

And that’s just the point. Banksy, being an anti-establishment artist, will always experience some tension between working within the ‘IP system’, to enforce creative and commercial rights as an artist. Not to mention associated moral rights too.

But on that front, I believe Banksy has had some success. And I would wish any artist or creative can enjoy that too for their own work. But in Banksy’s case, there are some unique lessons.

The story of Banksy’s relationship to IP is not unlike a Matryoshka Doll. There are hidden complexities within hidden complexities nested within the hidden artist whose power and intrigue rests on mystery, surprise and subversion. 

No wonder it can be hard to put Banksy into a neat category of a recognised artist commercialising their work.

So just how is Banksy different? And what’s Banksy doing to shake things up in the ordinarily suited and booted world of IP regulation?

Subverting while using the IP system

Banksy artwork "for sale was $90k now $45k" source Wikimedia Commons

I liken Intellectual Property to an umbrella term to describe a family of different rights that protect the work of creators and inventors. The different members of the family protect different expressions and for street artists that will mostly be copyright. For a business’ product and service brands, there are trademarks.

An artist may branch out into creating products that are manufactured, such as printed T-shirts or other merchandise that carry a distinctive appearance. And for that that there’s registered design.

Banksy, is correctly using as many different forms of IP as he can to maximise protection of his work (we’ll come on to his use of trademarks as a strategy).

In our workshop and webinar, Introduction to Intellectual Property, we emphasise how each of these ‘members of the family’ can be deployed to maximise the defence and use of your creations. While there are distinctions and differences between them, all could potentially be of use.

So how is Banksy doing it and what’s different?

He’s asserting his IP rights, in this case copyright, not to commercialise but to prevent commercialisation and to have his work used within his terms. The terms of use on his website make that very clear;

“Are you a company looking to licence Banksy art for commercial use? Then you’ve come to the right place – you can’t. Only Pest Control Office have permission to use or license my artwork. If someone else has granted you permission, you don’t have permission. I wrote ‘copyright is for losers’ in my (copyrighted) book and still encourage anybody to take and amend my art for their own personal amusement, but not for profit or making it look like I've endorsed something when I haven’t. Thanks.”

The case of Guess

Flower Thrower painting by Banksy (Source: Wikimedia commons)

In the dispute with retailer Guess, Banksy was asserting his rights as the copyright holder around usage. Anyone who creates an original work (be it artistic, musical, recording or even software) can assert the same rights. The hard job is often to enforce those rights.

Banksy, did that in his own inimitable way. He claimed usage of Flower Thrower was essentially theft and encouraged a similar response in an outraged Instagram post; “They’ve helped themselves to my artwork without asking, how can it be wrong for you to do the same to them?”

Just to be clear, there is a difference between civil law and criminal law (IP the former, shop lifting the latter) but perhaps from the point of view of the creator who’s had their work used, it can feel the same.

Guess, for obvious reasons, removed the image from their store front.

But then there’s another mystery, nested within the same matryoska doll.

Guess are selling a range of clothing in collaboration with Brandalised who license images by graffiti artists, among them it appears, Banksy. Was there some deal done in private with a third party like Brandalised to allow limited usage?

We may never know and we don’t have to know. Again, the rights holders can use the work as they see fit in public or private. Which again, serves to illustrate how they should be able to retain the upper hand. It is their property, after all.

But what happens when the copyright owner wishes to remain anonymous, like Banksy does? Because to enforce your rights, you have to identify yourself as ‘the author’ or creator.

How can someone who remains anonymous do just that?

Subverting trademarks for a purpose

Laugh Now painting by Banksy (source: Wikimedia Commons)

That is why, some have speculated, Banksy took an interest in filing some of his images as trademarks. Introducing now another Banksy work, Laugh Now, after the image of a monkey holding a placard stating ‘laugh now, but one day we’ll be in charge’.

Its application through WIPO can be found here and the applicant is Pest Control Office Limited, presumably the commercial entity representing Banksy (and doing so anonymously).

Which is why a trademark in Banksy’s case might have appeal.

But not only that, a trademark in theory can last forever, so long as it’s being used and renewed every ten years by an individual or company who owns it.

This particular application was met with opposition, however. A company objected to the application on the grounds it was filed ‘in bad faith’ in order to avoid the standard copyright requirements of establishing ‘an author’ and that there was no intention to commercially use the mark.

After an initial rejection at the EUIPO trademark Cancellation Division, it was overturned by the Board of Appeal (Case R 1246/2021-5) on the grounds that, ‘the relief from not being required to reveal his identity does not exclude the intention to use the trade mark.’ And, ‘it may not be extrapolated or concluded that Banksy will use the system of trade mark protection as mere substitute of copyright in an unlawful manner. It may neither be concluded that the proprietor has in general a negative view on Intellectual Property Rights which would lead to a filing of a trade mark without any intention to use it’

One – nil to Banksy.

What does this serve to prove?

Making the system work for you

Owning one or more form of intellectual property is on the one hand just good sense, while understanding your rights to usage is another. You don’t necessarily have to have a commercial purpose to still benefit from IP protection, especially if you want to retain rights over how your creations are used. Like Banksy, look at the different options and make it clear what you own and the value you place on it.

Especially those in any creative industry. You don’t need to even be subversive or anonymous, like Banksy. Any creative business or individual should be prepared if they ever have to have their own IP battles.

And with Banksy, at least, he’s doing it in his own style.

 

Written by Jeremy O'Hare, intellectual property information expert at the BIPC.

Innovation and enterprise blog recent posts

Archives

Tags

Other British Library blogs